| IANA: Internet Assigned Number Authority |
| ICANN : Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers |
| Icon: A graphic functional symbol display. A graphic representation of a function or functions to be performed by the computer.
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| ICP: Integrated Circuit Piezoelectric; term sometimes used to describe an accelerometer with built-in electronics.
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| IDE: Intelligent Drive Electronics. An interface for disk drives characterized as being one of the first to move some of the control functions (intelligence) to the disk drive and off of a separate controller.
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| IDEA: International Data Encryption Algorithm (Proprietary, from Ascom Tech. AG) |
| Ideal-Lens Equation: 1/p + 1/q = 1/f, where p is the distance from object to lens, q is the distance from lens to image, and f is the focal length of the lens. This equation has important limitations, being only valid for thin lenses, and for paraxial rays. Thin lenses have thickness small compared to p, q, and f. Paraxial rays are those which make angles small enough with the optic axis that the approximation (angle in radian measure) = sin(angle) may be used |
| IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life and IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health) represents the maximum concentration level of a substance from which one could escape within 30 minutes without escape-impairing symptoms or any irreversible effects (For instance 300 ppm for Hydrogen Sulfide). |
| IEEE : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
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| IFOV (Instantaneous Field of View): Instantaneous Field of View is the angular resolution of an imaging Field of View instrument that is determined by the size of the detector and the lens. For a point instrument the IFOV and FOV are the same. |
| Ignitable Mixture: A mixture within the flammable range (between the lower and upper flammable/explosive limits) that, when ignited, is capable of the propagation of flame away from the source of ignition. |
| Ignition Temperature: Ignition Temperature is the minimum temperature necessary to initiate combustion (oxidation) and have self-sustained combustion of the solid, liquid, gas, or vapor of interest. |
| Ignition Timing: The time of occurrence of ignition measured in degrees of crankshaft rotation relative to TDC.
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| Image Processing: Enhancing an image or extracting information or features from an image. |
| IMAP -- (Internet Message Access Protoco IMAP is gradually replacing POP as the main protocol used by email clients in communicating with email servers. Using IMAP an email client program can not only retrieve email but can also manipulate message stored on the server, without having to actually retrieve the messages. So messages can be deleted, have their status changed, multiple mail boxes can be managed, etc. IMAP is defined in RFC 2060 |
| Immiscible: Incapable of being mixed without separation phases. Water and petroleum oil are immiscible under most conditions, although they can be made miscible with the addition of an emulsifier. |
| Immobilizer: Theft-deterrent system that uses a transponder inside the ignition key to electronically enable an operational control unit in the vehicle to start the car. |
| Impact Test: A test for determining the behaviour of materials when subjected to high rates of loading under conditions designed to promote fracture, usually in bending, tension or torsion. The quantity measured is the energy absorbed when the specimen is broken by a single blow.
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| Impedance: The total opposition to electrical flow (resistive plus reactive).
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| In Situ: In its original place; unmoved; unexcavated; remaining in the subsurface.
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| In-Circuit Test: The individual electrical test of each component of a PCB assembly, even if many components are soldered to the PCB. |
| Index of Refraction: Ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to its speed in a material.
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| Inelastic Collision: Inelastic Collision: |
| Inert Atmosphere: A gaseous atmosphere that is not conducive to chemical reactions, such as helium or nitrogen. |
| Inertia: A descriptive term for that property of a body which resists change in its motion. Two kinds of changes of motion are recognized: changes in translational motion, and changes in rotational motion.
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| Infiltration: The downward movement of water through a soil in response to gravity and capillary suction. |
| InfraRed (or IR) Reflow: A technique that uses long wavelength light as the heat source to reflow solder and form solder joints. |
| Infrared Thermometer: An instrument that determines the temperature of an object by means of detecting and quantifying the infrared radiation emitted therefrom. Types include total power, wide band, narrow band, and multiple wavelengths. |
| Infrared: An area in the electromagnetic spectrum extending beyond red light from 760 nanometers to 1000 microns (106 nm). It is the form of radiation used for making non-contact temperature measurements.
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| Initial Unbalance: Initial unbalance is that unbalance of any kind that exists in the rotor before balancing.
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| Inlet Check Valve/ Haskel: The check valve, located in the hydraulic body/ gas booster end cap, that permits fluids/ gasses to go into the down stream system during a pumping stroke and closes to prevent return of the system fluid/gas during the suction stroke. |
| Input Impedance: The resistance measured across the excitation terminals of a transducer at room temperature, with no load applied, and with the output terminals open-circuited.
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| Input Resistance (Impedance): The input resistance of a pH meter is the resistance between the glass electrode terminal and the reference electrode terminal. The potential of a pH-measuring electrode chain is always subject to a voltage division between the total electrode resistance and the input resistance.
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| Instrumentation: Apparatus (often electronic) which is used for measurement or control; and for display of measurements or conditions.
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| Insulation (Isolation) Resistance: The DC resistance expressed in ohms measured between any electrical connector pin or lead wire and the transducer body or case. Normally measured at 50 VDC.
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| Insulator: Material through which the flow of electrical charge carriers or heat is greatly reduced.
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| Integral Nonlinearity: This term describes the absolute accuracy of a converter. It is the maximum deviation, at any point in the transfer function, of the converter?s output from its ideal value.
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| Integrated Circuit: The formal name for a die, or chip. Its name resulted from the integration of previously separate transistors, resistors and capacitors, all on a single chip. |
| Integrated Services Digital Network (ISD A telephone service that brings a digital loop to the telephone subscriber?s premises and integrates all forms of information (voice, computer data, facsimile, etc.) onto a single communications network. |
| INTELSAT: International Telecommunications Satellite Organization |
| Intensifier: An intensifier produces a relatively large volume in a single stroke. Can be air/oil, or oil/oil type.Mechanical devices. |
| Interchangeability Error: A measurement error that can occur if two or more probes are used to make the same measurement. It is caused by a slight variation in characteristics of different probes.
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| Interchangeability: The ability for a head sensor to be interchanged with another of the same type without the need to recalibrate the system (also referred to as Universal Electronics). Some monitors support the interchangeability of different types of heads. |
| Interface: The means by which two systems or devices are connected and interact with each other.
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| Intermodulation (IM): The production, in a nonlinear element of a system, of frequencies corresponding to the sum and difference frequencies of the fundamentals and harmonics thereof that are transmitted through the element. |
| Internal Friction: Friction within a fluid (water) due to cohesive forces. |
| Internal Reference Electrode (Element): The reference electrode placed internally in a glass electrode.
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| International Standards Organization: The standards organization that developed the Open Systems Interconnect Model and other international communications standards. |
| Internet Protocol (IP): The network layer protocol for the Internet. It is the datagram protocol defined by RFC 791.
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| Internet: The Internet is a network of networks, linking computers to computers by speaking the same language called TCP/IP protocol. Each computer runs software to provide or serve information and/or to access and view information. The Internet includes a variety of electronic services such as electronic mail (e-mail), Telnet (remote login), FTP (File Transfer Protocol for downloading or uploading of files), Gopher (an early, text-only method for accessing Internet documents), and the World Wide Web. The Internet was originally developed for the United States military, and then became used for government, academic, and commercial research and communications.
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| Interpreter: A system program that converts and executes each instruction of a high-level language program into machine code as it runs, before going onto the next instruction.
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| Interrupt Handler: The software routine that is capable of managing an interrupt?s request for service. |
| Interrupt: To stop a process in such a way that it can be resumed.
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| Interstage Stall (Haskel): Occurs only in "two stage" boosters when the "first stage" stalls because it cannot transfer its gas into the "second stage" without reaching stall pressure. Gas will increase in pressure in proportion to the amount it is compressed and if the supply pressure to the first satge is to high, the compression ratio between stages can result in an interstage pressure that exceeds the capability of the first stage. The booster will then stop cycling. |
| Intracrystalline: Within or across crystals or grains. Same as transcrystalline and transgranular.
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| Intranet: A private network inside a company or organization that uses the same kinds of software that you would find on the public Internet, but that is only for internal use. Compare with extranet. |
| Intrinsically Safe: An instrument which will not produce any spark or thermal effects under normal or abnormal conditions that will ignite a specified gas mixture.
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| Ionic Concentration: The concentration of any ion in solution, usually expressed in moles per liter. |
| Ionic Mobility: Defined similarly to the mobility of nonelectrolytic particles, viz., as the speed that the ion obtains in a given solvent when influenced by unit power.
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| Ionic Strength: The weight concentration of ions in solution, computed by multiplying the concentration of each ion in solution (C) by the corresponding square of the charge on the ion (Z) summing this product for all ions in solution and dividing by 2:ionic strength - 1/2 _ Z2 C.
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| Ionization: The splitting or dissociation (separation) of molecules into negatively and positively charged ions. |
| IP Number -- (Internet Protocol Number): Sometimes called a dotted quad. A unique number consisting of 4 parts separated by dots, e.g. 165.113.245.2Every machine that is on the Internet has a unique IP number - if a machine does not have an IP number, it is not really on the Internet. Many machines (especially servers) also have one or more Domain Names that are easier for people to remember. |
| IPTS-48: International Practical Temperature Scale of 1948. Fixed points in thermometry as specified by the Ninth General Conference of Weights and Measures which was held in 1948.
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| IPTS-68: International Practical Temperature Scale of 1968. Fixed points in thermometry set by the 1968 General Conference of Weights and Measures.
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| IRC -- (Internet Relay Chat): Basically a huge multi-user live chat facility. There are a number of major IRC servers around the world which are linked to each other. Anyone can create a channel and anything that anyone types in a given channel is seen by all others in the channel. Private channels can (and are) created for multi-person conference calls. |
| IrDA: Infrared Data Association |
| ISA: Industry Standard Architecture (PC-AT Bus) or Instrument Society of America.
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| ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network: A single communications vehicle that supports all forms of signal traffic--low and medium-speed data, audio, and video--across a standardized interface and on a single hardware platform. A communications network intended to carry digitized voice and data multiplexed into the public telephone network |
| ISO: International Standards Organization.
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| Isolated Inputs, Outputs: Inputs, outputs and power supply lines that are electrically insulated or Power Supplies from each other, whereby arbitrary grounding of these lines cannot affect the performance of the instrument such as generate ground-loops or short out internal resistors. |
| Isolation: The reduction of the capacity of a system to respond to an external force by use of resilient isolating materials. |
| Isopotential Point: A potential which is not affected by temperature changes. It is the pH value at which dE/dt for a given electrode pair is zero. Normally, for a glass electrode and SCE reference, this potential is obtained approximately when immersed in pH 7 buffer.
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| Isotherm: A continuous line (not necessarily straight or smooth) on a surface (or chart) comprising points of equal or constant temperature. |
| Isothermal: A process or area that is a constant temperature.
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| Isotope: Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons (and hence the same chemical properties), but a different number of neutrons, and therefore, different atomic weights. |
| ISP -- (Internet Service Provider): An institution that provides access to the Internet in some form, usually for money. |
| Izod Test: A pendulum type of single-blow impact test in which the specimen, usually notched, is fixed at one end and broken by a falling pendulum. The energy absorbed, as measured by the subsequent rise of the pendulum, is a measure of impact strength or notch toughness. |
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