| LAES: Lawfully Authorized Electronic Surveillance |
| Lag : A time delay that occurs between the output of a signal and the response of the instrument to which the signal is sent.
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| Lag: 1. A time delay between the output of a signal and the response of the instrument to which the signal is sent. 2. A time relationship between two waveforms where a fixed reference point on one wave occurs after the same point of the reference wave.
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| Laminar Flow: Streamlined flow of a fluid where viscous forces are more significant than inertial forces, generally below a Reynolds number of 2000.
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| LAN: Local Area Network. A network that takes advantage of the proximity of computers to offer relatively efficient, higher-speed communications than long-haul or wide-area networks.
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| LAP: Link Access Protocol.
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| Laser Soldering: A method of soldering using a laser as the source of heat required to reflow a solder interconnection. |
| Latent Heat: The thermal energy absorbed or released when a material experiences a phase change.
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| Leakage Current: Current that flows through or across the insulator that resides between two electrodes. Normally, this is miniscule amount of current. |
| Leakage Rate: The maximum rate at which a fluid is permitted or determined to leak through a seal. The type of fluid, the differential Limits of Error: A tolerance band for the thermal electric response of thermocouple wire expressed in degrees or percentage defined by ANSI specification MC-96.1 (1975). |
| Leased Line: Refers to line such as a telephone line or fiber-optic cable that is rented for exclusive 24-hour, 7-days-a-week use from your location to another location. The highest speed data connections require a leased line. |
| Least-squares Line: The straight line for which the sum of the squares of the residuals (deviations) is minimized |
| LED: Light Emitting Diode |
| Lens: A transparent object with two refracting surfaces. Usually the surfaces are flat or spherical (spherical lenses). Sometimes, to improve image quality. Lenses are deliberately made with surfaces which depart slightly from spherical (aspheric lenses).
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| Lepton: A fundamental fermion that does not participate in strong interactions. The electrically-charged leptons are the electron, the muon, the tau, and their antiparticles. Electrically-neutral leptons are called neutrinos. |
| Life Cycle: The minimum number of pressure cycles the transducer can endure and still remain within a specified tolerance.
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| Light Water Reactor: The most common type of nuclear reactor in the world. Uses light water (ordinary water) as a moderator (to slow down neutrons in the reactor) and a coolant. Light water reactors are built in two variants: pressurized water reactors and boiling water reactors.
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| Limits of Error: A tolerance band for the thermal electric response of thermocouple wire expressed in degrees or percentage defined by ANSI specification MC-96.1 (1975).
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| Line Pressure: The maximum pressure in the pressure vessel or pipe for differential pressure measurement.
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| Line Protocol: A control program used to perform data communication functions over network lines which consists of handshaking and line-control functions that move the data between the transmit and receive terminals.
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| Linearity: The maximum deviation of the calibration curve from a straight line between zero and full scale, expressed as a percent of full scale output and measured on increasing measured only.
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| Liquid Pump (air driven): Haskel air driven liquid pumps are a "ratio" devices using low pressure air against a large piston area to generate force (F=PxA). This force is transmitted through a smaller area plunger in the pumping section to magnify the pressure by a factor approximately equal to the nominal area ratio. Using this principle, a large, low pressure air flow can be used to generate a smaller pressure liquid flow. |
| Liquified Gases: Usually applied to the liquid form of substances which under normal conditions of temperature and pressure are found as gases. Liquid oxygen is an example. |
| LISP: List Processing Language.
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| Listserv?: The most common kind of maillist, "Listserv" is a registered trademark of L-Soft international, Inc. Listservs originated on BITNET but they are now common on the Internet |
| Lithology: The gross physical character of a rock or rock types in a stratigraphic section.
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| Load Buttons: The spherical like shape of the top surface of a load cell where the load is applied.
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| Load Impedance: The impedance presented to the output terminals of a transducer by the associated external circuitry.
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| Lock Nut: A nut which provides extra resistance to vibration loosening by either providing some form of prevailing torque, or, in free spinning nuts, by deforming and/or biting into mating parts when fully tightened. |
| Logarithm: The exponent that indicates the power to which a number must be raised to produce a given number. For example: if B2 = N, the 2 is the logarithm of N (to the base B), or 102 =100 and log10 100 = 2. Also abbreviated to "log." |
| Logarithmic Scale: A method of displaying data (in powers of ten) to yield maximum range while keeping resolution at the low end of the scale.
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| Login: Noun or a verb. Noun: The account name used to gain access to a computer system. Not a secret (contrast with Password). Verb: the act of connecting to a computer system by giving your credentials (usually your "username" and "password") |
| Long-Term Accuracy: The limit that errors will not exceed during a 90-day or longer time period. It is expressed as a percentage of reading (or sourced value) plus a number of counts over a specified temperature range. |
| Loop Resistance: The total resistance of a thermocouple circuit caused by the resistance of the thermocouple wire. Usually used in reference to analog pyrometers which have typical loop resistance requirements of 10 ohms.
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| Loopback: Directing signals back toward the transmitting terminal at some point along the communications path. Used as a method of troubleshooting. |
| Low Pass Filter: An electronic network for passing low and attenuating high frequencies. Many plug-in types are available for Kistler charge amplifiers and couplers.
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| Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): The concentration of a gas below which the concentration of vapors is insufficient to support an explosion. LELs for most organics are generally 1 to 5 percent by volume.
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| LS-TTL Compatible: For digital input circuits, a logic 1 is obtained for inputs of 2.0 to 5.5 V which can source 20 ?A, and a logic 0 is obtained for inputs of 0 to 0.8 V which can sink 400 ?A. For digital output signals, a logic 1 is represented by 2.4 to 5.5 V with a current source capability of at least 400 ?A; and a logic 0 is represented by 0 to 0.6 V with a current sink capability of at least 16 MA. "LS" stands for low-power Schottky.
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| LS-TTL Unit Load: A load with LS-TTL voltage levels, which will draw 20 ?A for a logic 1 and -400 ?A for a logic 0.
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| LSD (Least-Significant Digit): The rightmost active (non-dummy) digit of the display.
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| LVDT: Linear Variable Differential Transformer
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| LZH: Lempel-Ziv-Welch data compression algorithm |
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